Nivel de autocuidado en los estudiantes de primer ingreso de la Escuela Nacional De Enfermería Y Obstetricia en México, D.F.

Abstract

El object of the present paper is analyzing the self-care level of the freshman students at the National School of Nursing and Obstetrics in Mexico, D.F. Self-care theory. Self-care is an action of mature and mature in process people who have develop abilities for intentionally act in order to regulate factors affecting their own functions and development. According  to Dorotea E. Orem, self-care nursing theory is a knowledge synthesis about self-care theoretical entities, therapeutics self-care demand, the regional entity of self-care deficit and the nursing agency. This nursing general theory is expressed on the mentioned theoretical entities terms and introduces the existing statements among them, such as mature adults engaged on self-care. Self-care requisites are formulated and expressed reflections about those actions known as necessary or that supposedly have  validity for regulating functioning and human development aspects. By requisite it is understood something that is necessary or indispensable to carry out specific action. So a self-care requisite can be consider the array of actions driven to enhance those human conditions as the adequate function of the organism and individual’s social-cultural development, in such a way that it fulfils the own health care.

Methodology: This is a diagnostics  analytical, descriptive, observational and prospective research carried out at ENEO, from October to December, 2005. In a conventional way 282 freshmen students to nursing career at ENEO  were interviewed, and they accepted solving questionnaires anonymously. Several sel-care levels were identified by the applied questionnaire that was constructed by 17 closed questions structured according to the studied variable indicators.

Outcomes: It could be stated that 95.40% of the pupils ranges 17 to 24 years old, are women , 87.59% are single 70.57% are catholic, and 34.76% come from CCH-UNAM schools. In relation to data that measure self-care variable 58.80% of the pupils do no physical exercise because they are tired or don’t have time; 97.27% carry  out their personal cleaning exhaustively daily because that’s the way they keep up their self-care; 74.47% consider their dental health ranges from good to excellent because they meet the dentist at least every 6 months; 52.84% think their diet practice is regular, they consume snacks and don’t have a balanced diet; 64.55% consider themselves calm quiet persons who handle tensions well and thus control stress; 82.28% prevent accidents for maintaining their self-care; 64.54% prevent diseases because they practice their self-care; 74.12% sleep 6 to 8 hours and that is enough for them to rest; 49.29% are informed about the school security measures for maintaining self-care. The 60.30% consider their gastro-intestinal functioning is good since they don’t suffer colitis, gastritis, or other malfunction type: 68.16% look for recreation in their spare hours so they go to the movies, watch T.V., and combine those with their study schedules, and 63.83% consider their self-care is good.