La salud de los cuidadores primarios de pacientes pediátricos oncológicos estado de la evidencia actual
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Introducción: Debido a las características del cáncer infantil y su tratamiento, el cuidado del paciente es complejo, porque puede llegar a modificar el estilo de vida y autocuidado del cuidador primario, lo que representa un riesgo para su salud física y mental.
Objetivo: Sintetizar la evidencia actual sobre la salud física y mental de los cuidadores primarios de pacientes pediátricos oncológicos, así como los factores asociados, para establecer nuevas perspectivas en el desarrollo de investigaciones que impacten en la mejora del bienestar de los pacientes y sus cuidadores.
Desarrollo: Existe una vasta evidencia sobre las características sociodemográficas de los cuidadores primarios y los efectos del cuidado prolongado en su calidad de vida y salud mental. En contraste, la salud física de esta población, ha recibido poca atención. Por ejemplo, los cuidadores primarios de pacientes pediátricos oncológicos refieren presentar altos niveles de estrés y frecuentes periodos de hospitalización; a menudo dan prioridad a las necesidades o cuidado del paciente, lo que representa un escenario de riesgo a su salud mental y física. Se han documentado alteraciones en el peso corporal, la presión arterial y los niveles de glucosa y colesterol entre cuidadores primarios en general, así como la vinculación de dichas condiciones con factores psicológicos, de comportamiento o familiares, lo que demuestra la necesidad de abordar el fenómeno desde modelos de riesgo más incluyentes.
Conclusiones: Se requiere mayor investigación que contemple los factores psicológicos, conductuales y familiares que aumentan el riesgo cardiometabólico de los cuidadores primarios de pacientes pediátricos oncológicos.
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