Modelo de cuidados crónicos sustentado en la salud digital: un análisis para investigación en enfermedad cardiovascular

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D. Aranda-Sánchez
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6269-5723
O. Sanhueza-Alvarado
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0184-8957
V. Tíscar-González
J.M. Gutiérrez-Valverde
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9506-5947

Resumen

Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares se encuentran entre las principales causas de morbimortalidad en los adultos a nivel mundial. Los últimos años evidencian los factores que obstaculizan el cuidado presencial de enfermería dirigido a estas personas, por tal motivo es necesario realizar investigaciones basadas en marcos teóricos que incluyan conceptos de enfermería y herramientas de salud digital para sustentar el cuidado en línea.


Objetivo: Analizar el modelo mejorado de cuidados crónicos de la eSalud y evaluar su efectividad en la investigación en enfermedad cardiovascular.


Metodología: Se usó el análisis de la Teoría de Walker y Avant para analizar el origen, significado, congruencia lógica, utilidad, parsimonia y transferibilidad del modelo. 


Desarrollo del análisis teórico del modelo: Dicha herramienta es descriptiva, sus componentes son de nivel de abstracción alto, adecuados para explorar contextos y patrones de cuidado de los pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular. Su estructura teórica permite establecer proposiciones factibles de ser probadas y aplicadas a la práctica de enfermería. La eEducación, la eComunidad, el circuito de retroalimentación completa y el apoyo al automanejo sustentan significativamente la investigación de enfermería con un enfoque desde la salud digital.


Conclusión: El modelo fundamentaría el cuidado de enfermería que se brinda al paciente con enfermedad cardiovascular vía digital, ya sea como un modo único o como complemento al cuidado presencial. Esto permitirá crear e implementar diseños informáticos para la entrega del cuidado y así contribuir al desarrollo del conocimiento de enfermería. El uso del modelo en investigación en enfermería fortalecerá el liderazgo innovador-tecnológico de la disciplina.

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