Sentido de coherencia en las enfermedades crónicas: una revisión integradora

Contenido principal del artículo

M. Cossetin-Costa
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1771-8428
M.F. Mantovani
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7961-8273
F. Moura-D’Almeida-Miranda
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7140-9557
R.G. Paes
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6899-4054
V. Piccinin-Paz
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7157-4886
T. Nunes-de Souza
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3133-5391

Resumen

Introducción: El sentido de coherencia (SOC por sus siglas en inglés) es un componente de la Teoría Salutogénica que permite entender cómo las personas perciben su vida y la forma en que responden a situaciones estresantes, por ejemplo, a una enfermedad crónica. Conocer el SOC y cómo afecta la calidad de vida puede ayudar a planificar los cuidados.


Objetivo: Analizar la aplicabilidad del constructo SOC como herramienta de cuidado de enfermería en adultos con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles.


Metodología: Revisión integradora, la búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en septiembre de 2019 con las estrategias sense of coherence AND nursing AND “chronic disease. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron: BVS, CINAHL, PubMed y Scopus. Se incluyeron artículos publicados, desde 2014 hasta 2019, clasificados según el nivel de evidencia del Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine.


Resultados: Se identificaron 325 artículos; 21 cumplían los criterios de inclusión, con predominio del enfoque cuantitativo y el uso del Cuestionario de Antonovsky en la versión de 13 ítems. Los estudios demostraron que un SOC elevado puede mejorar la sintomatología y la calidad de vida de los enfermos crónicos.


Discusión: El constructo SOC es central para el mantenimiento de la salud, en conjunto con la educación y, a través de la gestión de la enfermedad, contribuye al alivio de la sintomatología y el significado de la enfermedad crónica.


Conclusiones: El SOC está directamente relacionado con la búsqueda y el mantenimiento de la salud, su uso puede ser una herramienta importante para los cuidados de enfermería.

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MÉTRICAS

 

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