Estimación de riesgo cardiovascular ateroesclerótico en pacientes adultos sin sospecha de cifras tensionales elevadas

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F.I. García-Castillo
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3617-1592
M.Y. López-Carrillo
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4704-760X
I.R Mendiola-Pastrana
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5313-2432
E. López-Ortiz
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0237-7480
D.P. Guízar-Sánchez
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8905-6315
G. López-Ortiz
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0280-0012

Resumen

Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares representan la primera causa de muerte en el mundo. La estimación del Riesgo Cardiovascular (RCV) podría disminuir la carga de la enfermedad y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes.


Objetivo: Estimar el RCV en pacientes sin sospecha de cifras tensionales elevadas en una Clínica de Medicina Familiar en la Ciudad de México.


Métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo, participaron 101 pacientes de sexo masculino y femenino, de 40 a 69 años, sin diagnóstico previo de Hipertensión Arterial (HTA), pero que presentaron cifras tensionales altas al momento del estudio. Para diagnosticar HTA se utilizaron los criterios de la Asociación Americana del Corazón-2017. El RCV se evaluó con el ASCVD-Risk Estimator Plus.


Resultados: En la muestra la HTA estuvo presente en el 55.4 %, 44.6 % manifestaron presión arterial elevada. Respecto al RCV, 54.4 % presentaron bajo riesgo, 11.8 % riesgo límite, 25.7 % intermedio y 7.9 % alto. Los factores de RCV con mayor prevalencia fueron diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), sobrepeso, obesidad y elevación de cifras tensionales.


Discusión: Un porcentaje importante de participantes presentó RCV en sus diferentes categorías. Se requiere ser más estrictos en los parámetros utilizados para definir la HTA; pues sin intervenciones oportunas las enfermedades cardiovasculares continuarán incrementándose.


Conclusión: Cerca de la mitad de los casos presentaron un RCV de límite a alto. Existió alta prevalencia de factores de riesgo individuales como DM2, HTA y dislipidemia. Se deben fortalecer búsquedas intencionadas de pacientes con características similares a las de este estudio para prevenir el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares.

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